Elsa Halimah Noviana
Bahasa Inggirs Bisnis 2
Passive Voice
·
Pengertian
Passive
voice adalah suatu grammatical
construction (bentuk gramatikal) dimana subject pada sentence
(kalimat) atau clause (klausa) tidak melakukan aksi, melainkan menerima
aksi atau ditindaklanjuti (receiver of action) oleh agent lain (doer of
action) baik disebutkan ataupun tidak.
Sebaliknya,
pada konstruksi active, subject pada sentence atau clause
berhubungan langsung dengan verb dengan bertindak sebagai pelaku aksi.
Kalimat
aktif dapat ditransformasi menjadi pasif, namun hanya transitive
verb (mempunyai direct object)
yang dapat diberlakukan demikian.
·
Rumus
Passive Voice
Rumus
passive voice adalah sebagai berikut di bawah ini :
Catatan:
- Auxiliary verb dapat berupa primary auxiliary verb be (is, are, am, was, were, be, been, being) maupun kombinasi antara dua primary (is/are being, was/were being, has/have been) maupun antara primary dan modal auxiliary verb (will be, will have been).
- Kombinasi auxiliary digunakan pada bentuk pasif pada tenses.
- Past participle yang digunakan berupa kata kerja transitive (memiliki direct object).
Contoh:
She can’t drive a car.
(active voice, transitive), He always come on time. (active voice,
intransitive)
- Perubahan bentuk dari base form ke past tense dan past participle secara regular maupun irregular.
Contoh:
play (base form) —> played (past
participle), sing (base form) —> sung (past participle)
Contoh
Kalimat Passive Voice pada Auxiliary Verb be:
|
Komponen
|
Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice
|
||
|
Subject
|
Be
|
PP
|
|
|
I
|
Am
|
Paid
|
I
am paid in dollars.
(Saya dibayar dalam dollar.) |
|
the red velvet recipe
|
is
|
Used
|
The
red velvet recipe is used by many people.
(Resep red velvet tsb digunakan oleh banyak orang.) |
|
all of my shoes
|
are
|
Washed
|
All
of my shoes are washed every month.
(Semua sepatu saya dicuci setiap bulan.) |
|
large amounts of meat and milk
|
are
|
consumed
|
Large
amounts of meat and milk are consumed by many people in the countries.
(Sejumlah besar daging dan susu dikonsumsi oleh banyak orang di negara-negara tsb.) |
|
the book
|
was
|
Edited
|
The
book was edited by Beatrice Sparks.
(Buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.) |
|
the books
|
were
|
Edited
|
The
books were edited by Beatrice Sparks.
(Buku-buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.) |
·
Pengecualian
pada Transitive Verbs
Tidak
semua transitive verb, kata kerja yang memiliki direct object,
dapat dipasifkan. Beberapa kata kerja tersebut yang antara lain: have, become,
lack, look like, mean, dll akan terdengar tidak wajar
maknanya ketika dipasifkan. Beberapa contoh kalimat dari kata kerja tersebut
adalah sebagai berikut.
Contoh:
- I have a great new idea. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: A great new idea is had by me.
- The snack contains aspartame. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: Aspartame is contained by the snack
·
Penggunaan dan Contoh Passive Voice
Transfomasi Active menjadi Passive Voice
Active “normal” voice dapat
ditransformasi atau dirubah bentuknya menjadi passive dengan tahapan sebagai
berikut :
|
Active Voice
|
—>
|
Passive Voice
|
|
Subject
(doer of action)
+ action verb + Object (receiver of action) |
—>
|
Subject
(receiver of action)
+ auxiliary verb* + past participle +/- by …(doer of action) |
*Penjelasan mengenai auxiliary verb yang
digunakan pada dapat dilihat pada bagian pendahuluan
Contoh :
1.
Julia wrote
the report Ã
The report was written by Julia
2.
I have made
a decision Ã
A decision has been made by me
Penggunaan dan Contoh
Beberapa penggunaan dan contoh perubahan kalimat aktif menjadi pasif adalah sebagai berikut :
|
Penggunaan
|
Contoh
|
|
|
Active Voice
|
Passive Voice
|
|
|
digunakan
ketika doer of action (pelaku aksi) tidak diketahui.
|
Someone
knocked on your door last night.
|
Your
door was knocked on last night.
|
|
Somebody
has used the computer without permission
|
The
computer has been used without permission.
|
|
|
digunakan
ketika doer of action tidak penting untuk disebutkan. Misalnya
karena pelaku aksi tersebut sudah jelas / bisa ditebak atau merujuk kepada
orang secara umum.
|
You can
view the results on the web.
|
The
final results can be viewed on the web.
|
|
People
seldom do physical exercises regularly.
|
Physical
exercises are seldom done regularly.
|
|
|
The
teacher instructed the students to solve the math problem.
|
The
students were instructed to solve the math problem.
|
|
|
digunakan
untuk memberi penekanan pada object
|
Sunmark
Press published The Enzyme Factor at the first time
in 2005.
|
The Enzyme Factor
was published at the first time in 2005 by Sunmark Press.
|
|
I have
to collect more than 20,000 dollars to buy the car.
|
More
than 20,000 dollars have to be collected** to buy the car.
|
|
|
digunakan
sebagai variasi pada tulisan. Misalnya pelaku aksi telah disebutkan pada
kalimat sebelumnya.
|
KPK
investigators knew that Neneng Sri Wahyuni returned to Indonesia. They arrested
the woman on June 13.
|
KPK
investigators knew that Neneng Sri Wahyuni returned to Indonesia. The woman was
arrested on June 13.
|
**bentuk pasif dari infinitive
·
Rumus dan
Contoh Passive Voice pada Tenses
Auxiliary untuk membentuk konstruksi pasif pada tenses dapat
berupa auxiliary be (is, are, was, were), kombinasi antara dua primary
auxiliary (is/are being, was/were being,
has/have been), atau antara primary auxiliary dengan modal verb (will be, will have been). Auxialiary tersebut
kemudian dipadukan dengan past participle untuk membentuk passive
verb form. Adapun rumus dan contoh passive voice pada beberapa macam
tenses dapat dilihat pada tabel sebagai berikut.
|
Tenses
|
Rumus
|
Contoh
|
|
|
Present
|
am/is/are
+ past participle
|
The
crafts are made of wood.
|
|
|
am/is/are
+ being + past participle
|
The
room is being cleaned.
|
||
|
has/have
+ been + past participle
|
Your
requests have been approved.
|
||
|
Past
|
was/were
+ past participle
|
The
mansion was built in 1990.
|
|
|
was/were
+ being + past participle
|
Your
gown was being washed.
|
||
|
had
+ been+ past participle
|
The
fence had been painted in green.
|
||
|
Future
|
will
+ be + past participle
|
The
packet will be sent immediately.
|
|
|
will
+ have + been + past participle
|
The
article will have been read ninety times.
|
||
Catatan:
Bentuk pasif dari perfect
continuous sebaiknya dihindari karena rumit dan tidak elegan.
·
Rumus – rumus Passive Voice 16 Tenses (Negative Sentence)
Rumus
Umum : TO BE + V3
1.
Simple Present Tense
Aktif
: S + do/does + not + V1
Pasif
: S + to be (am, are, is) + not + V3 + by + O
Contoh:
Aktif
: She doesn't write the book
Pasif
: The book isn't written by her
Aktif
: I don't wash the car
Pasif
: The car isn't washed by me
2.
Present Continuous Tense
Aktif
: S + to be (am, are, is) + not + V1-ing
Pasif
: S + to be (am, are, is) + not + being + V3 + by +
O
Contoh
:
Aktif
: She isn't reading the book
Pasif
: The book isn't being read by her
3.
Present Perfect Tense
Aktif
: S + have/has + not + V3 + O
Pasif
: S + have/has + not + been + V3 + by + O
Contoh
:
Aktif
: She hasn't written the book
Pasif
: The book hasn't been written by her
Aktif
: I haven't written the book
Pasif
: The book hasn't been written by me
4.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Aktif
: S + have/has + not + been + V1-ing + O
Pasif
: S + have/has + not + been + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh
:
Aktif
: She hasn't been reading the book
Pasif
: The book hasn't been being read by her
Aktif
: I haven't been washing the car
Pasif
: The car hasn't been being washed by me
5.
Simple Past Tense
Aktif
: S + did + not + V1
Pasif
: S + to be (was, were) + not + V3 + by + O
Contoh
:
Aktif
: She didn't write a letter
Pasif
: A letter wasn't written by her
6.
Past Continuous Tense
Aktif
: S + to be (was, were) + not + V1-ing + O
Pasif
: S + to be (was, were) + not + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh
:
Aktif
: She wasn't washing the car
Pasif
: The car wasn't being washed by her
7.
Past Perfect Tense
Aktif
: S + had + not + V3 + O
Pasif
: S + had + not + been + V3 + by + O
Contoh
:
Aktif
: She hadn't washed the car
Pasif
: The car hadn't been washed by her
8.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Aktif
: S + had + not + been + V1-ing + O
Pasif
: S + had + not + been + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh:
Aktif
: She hadn't been washing the car
Pasif
: The car hadn't been being washed by her
9.
Simple Future Tense
Aktif
: S + will + not + V1 + O
Pasif
: S + will + not + be + V3 + by + O
Contoh
:
Aktif
: She won't wash the car
Pasif
: The car won't be washed by her
10.
Future Continuous Tense
Aktif
: S + will + not + be + V1-ing + O
Pasif
: S + will + not + be + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh
:
Aktif
: She won'tl be washing the car
Pasif
: The car won't be being washed by her
11.
Future Perfect Tense
Aktif
: S + will + not + have + V3 + O
Pasif
: S + will + not + have + been + V3 + by + O
Contoh
:
Aktif
: She won't have washed the car
Pasif
: The car won't have been washed by her
12.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Aktif
: S + will + not + have + been + V1-ing + O
Pasif
: S + will + not + have + been + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh
:
Aktif
: She won't have been washing the car
Pasif
: The car won't have been being washed by her
13.
Si mple Future Past Tense
Aktif
: S + would +not + V1
Pasif
: S + would + not + be + V3 + by + O
Contoh
:
Aktif
: She wouldn't wash the car
Pasif
: The car wouldn't be washed by her
14.
Future Past Continuous Tense
Aktif
: S + would + not + be + V1-ing + O
Pasif
: S + would + not + be + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh
:
Aktif
: She wouldn't be washing the car
Pasif
: The car wouldn't be being washed by her
15.
Future Past Perfect Tense
Aktif
: S + would + not + have + V3 + O
Pasif
: S + would + not + have + been + V3 + by + O
Contoh
:
Aktif
: She wouldn't have washed the car
Pasif
: The car wouldn't have been washed by her
16.
Future Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Aktif
: S + would + not + have + been + V1-ing + O
Pasif
: S + would + not + have + been +being + V3 + by + O
Contoh
:
Aktif
: She wouldn't have been washing the car
Pasif
: The car wouldn't have been being washed by her
·
Rumus – rumus Passive Voice 16 Tenses (Affirmative Sentence)
Rumus
Umum : TO BE + V3
1.
Simple Present Tense
Aktif
: S + V1/ (V1+s/es/ies)
Pasif
: S + to be (am, are, is) + V3 + by + O
Contoh:
Aktif
: She writes the book
Pasif
: The book is written by her
Aktif
: I wash the car
Pasif
: The car is washed by me
2.
Present Continuous Tense
Aktif
: S + to be (am, are, is) + V1-ing
Pasif
: S + to be (am, are, is) + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh
:
Aktif
: She is reading the book
Pasif
: The book is being read by her
3.
Present Perfect Tense
Aktif
: S + have/has + V3 + O
Pasif
: S + have/has + been + V3 + by + O
Contoh
:
Aktif
: She has written the book
Pasif
: The book has been written by her
Aktif
: I have written the book
Pasif
: The book has been written by me
4.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Aktif
: S + have/has + been + V1-ing + O
Pasif
: S + have/has + been + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh
:
Aktif
: She has been reading the book
Pasif
: The book has been being read by her
Aktif
: I have been washing the car
Pasif
: The car has been being washed by me
5.
Simple Past Tense
Aktif
: S + V2
Pasif
: S + to be (was, were) + V3 + by + O
Contoh
:
Aktif
: She wrote a letter
Pasif
: A letter was written by her
6.
Past Continuous Tense
Aktif
: S + to be (was, were) + V1-ing + O
Pasif
: S + to be (was, were) + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh
:
Aktif
: She was washing the car
Pasif
: The car was being washed by her
7.
Past Perfect Tense
Aktif
: S + had + V3 + O
Pasif
: S + had + been + V3 + by + O
Contoh
:
Aktif
: She had washed the car
Pasif
: The car had been washed by her
8.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Aktif
: S + had + been + V1-ing + O
Pasif
: S + had + been + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh:
Aktif
: She had been washing the car
Pasif
: The car had been being washed by her
9.
Simple Future Tense
Aktif
: S + will + V1 + O
Pasif
: S + will + be + V3 + by + O
Contoh
:
Aktif
: She will wash the car
Pasif
: The car will be washed by her
10.
Future Continuous Tense
Aktif
: S + will + be + V1-ing + O
Pasif
: S + will + be + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh
:
Aktif
: She will be washing the car
Pasif
: The car will be being washed by her
11.
Future Perfect Tense
Aktif
: S + will + have + V3 + O
Pasif
: S + will + have + been + V3 + by + O
Contoh
:
Aktif
: She will have washed the car
Pasif
: The car will have been washed by her
12.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Aktif
: S + will + have + been + V1-ing + O
Pasif
: S + will + have + been + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh
:
Aktif
: She will have been washing the car
Pasif
: The car will have been being washed by her
13.
Si mple Future Past Tense
Aktif
: S + would + V1
Pasif
: S + would + be + V3 + by + O
Contoh
:
Aktif
: She would wash the car
Pasif
: The car would be washed by her
14.
Future Past Continuous Tense
Aktif
: S + would + be + V1-ing + O
Pasif
: S + would + be + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh
:
Aktif
: She would be washing the car
Pasif
: The car would be being washed by her
15.
Future Past Perfect Tense
Aktif
: S + would + have + V3 + O
Pasif
: S + would + have + been + V3 + by + O
Contoh
:
Aktif
: She would have washed the car
Pasif
: The car would have been washed by her
16.
Future Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Aktif
: S + would + have + been + V1-ing + O
Pasif
: S + would + have + been +being + V3 + by + O
Contoh
:
Aktif
: She would have been washing the car
Pasif
: The car would have been being washed by her
related link:
http://annur93.blogspot.com/2011/09/rumus-rumus-passive-voice-16-tenses.html
